The Secret War Against Sweden: US and British Submarine Deception in the 1980s (Cass Series: Naval Policy and History)

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Following the stranding of a Soviet Whiskey-class submarine in 1981 on the Swedish archipelago, a series of massive submarine intrusions took place within Swedish waters.

However, the evidence for these appears to have been manipulated or simply invented. Classified documents and interviews point to covert Western, rather than Soviet activity. This is backed up by former US Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, who stated that Western "testing" operations were carried out regularly in Swedish waters. Royal Navy submarine captains have also admitted to top-secret operations.

Ola Tunander's revelations make it clear that the United States and Britain ran a "secret war" in Swedish waters. The number of Swedes perceiving the Soviet Union as a direct threat increased from 5-10 per cent in 1980 to 45 per cent in 1983. This Anglo-American "secret war" was aimed at exerting political influence over Sweden. It was a risky enterprise, but perhaps the most successful covert operation of the entire Cold War.

The Secret War Against Sweden: US and British Submarine Deception in the 1980s (Cass Series: Naval Policy and History) Review

In October 1982, mysterious submarines entered Swedish waters. They were stigmatized by the military as Soviet war ships testing Swedish preparedness for a new attack on Western frontiers.
The submarine hunt by the Swedish army started 2 weeks after the Social Democratic Party won a parliamentary election under Olof Palme, who not only supported Third World freedom movements like the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, but more importantly campaigned for a Nordic and Central European Nuclear Weapons-Free Zone. Therefore he initiated a Western-Soviet dialogue on security and disarmament.
Olof Palme was considered to be a high security risk by the US, NATO and some industrial and military leaders in Sweden. He was shot dead one month before a trip to Moscow.

Through a meticulous examination of all events Ola Tunander arrives at the conclusion that there was absolutely no USSR involvement in the affair. It was a pure Western provocation, a form of psychological warfare in order to undermine Olof Palme's credibility, to destabilize his government, to counter his policies and to undercut the popular support for his Party.
The effective result was a complete change in Swedish public opinion concerning Soviet aggression. It provoked, de facto, a change in Swedish international neutrality policies.

Deception operations are an alternative means to the use of force in order to dominate democratic States. By creating a false reality through covert incidents (by foreign or by the country's own military forces) public opinion can be manipulated, thereby forcing (or giving the opportunity to) elected governments to carry out the policies of international (military) authorities and not their own ones. Similar operations were launched in other NATO States (Belgium, Italy).

But this book shows also another extremely important political phenomenon. Western democracies were (are) ultimately not ruled by elected (formal) governments but by parallel (informal) ones; as Caspar Weinberger asked in this case: the `political' or the `military' Sweden? This ruling informal power structure is mostly composed by military and industrial leaders.

Ola Tunander wrote a thriller script which is a must read for all those who want to understand the world we live in.

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